ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ

ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ (1896 ︱1983 ) ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠸᠸᠢ ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠦ ᠴᠧᠨ ᠂ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ( ᠪᠢᠩᠲᠦ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ) ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
1926 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠤ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1928 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠠᠩᠴᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
︽ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠮᠠᠨ ︾ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ《 ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ 》 ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠢᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠶ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠫᠣᠩᠰᠤᠭ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠃
1946 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ 1947 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠂ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ 《 ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ 》 ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
ᠪᠥᠬᠥᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ 《 ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ 》 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠰ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ 1983 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ ᠃