ᠬᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋
ᠬᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋（1871 ︱1930 ) ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠸ ᠲᠢᠩ ᠂ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠺᠦᠢ ᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠂ 1871 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠶ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠵᠣᠰᠣᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ （ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ） ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠰᠣᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠶ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠂ ᠤᠯᠡᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ 16 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠶ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠦ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠺᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ 《 ᠱᠢᠤᠢ ᠷᠦ᠋ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ 》 ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 20 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠶ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ（ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ） ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠃ 24 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠶ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠼᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠬᠡᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 60 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠳᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
1898 ᠣᠨ （ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ） ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠡ ᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠶ ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ 27 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ ᠃
ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠰᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠳᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ 《 ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ》 （ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠂ ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠯᠴᠢ ） ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠂ ᠰᠥᠭᠥᠳᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠬᠦ ᠢ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1901 ᠣᠨ （ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ） ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠦᠨ ᠹᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠶ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠤᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠂ 1902 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠴᠥᠩ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠢᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠂ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠯᠦ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠯᠣᠸᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠩ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
1903 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠱᠸᠦ ᠵᠸᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ 30 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠶ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠸᠩ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠶ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠹᠢᠼᠧᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠡᠦ ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠭᠠᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠤᠤᠰᠠᠺᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠶᠧ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠶ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠹᠤᠢᠺᠤᠢᠰᠢᠮᠠ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ︵ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ︶ ᠲᠤᠤᠺᠢᠤ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ 1904 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠦᠢ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨᠱᠠᠨ ᠺᠦᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠾᠸ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠼᠣᠣ ᠽᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ 1906 ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠮᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠳᠠ 21 ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠮ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠰᠢ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠭᠧᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 3000 ᠮᠦ ᠠᠳᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠥᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠡᠢ ᠃ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
1903 ︱1912 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 400 ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠂ 10 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠳ 600 ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠂ ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠶ ᠂ ᠪᠣᠣᠳᠢᠩ ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠣᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ 25 ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ 8 ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ （ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ 3 ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ） ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠂ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠳᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠴᠥᠩ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ 3000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠢᠷᠦ ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠂ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠶᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠦᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠲᠦᠭᠵᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠸᠸᠢ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠺᠸ ᠯᠸᠢ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ 90 ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ︽ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠦᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 1905 ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠂ ᠪᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠂ ᠯᠠ ᠂ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠶ ᠨᠤᠯᠤᠤᠷ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠤᠱᠸᠩ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ （ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ) ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤᠤᠢᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ︽ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠥᠩ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ︽ᠴᠦᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠸ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ 》 ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ 《ᠰᠣᠮᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 》 ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃
ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠶ ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ᠂ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠩ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ 300 ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠪᠦ᠋ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃
1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ 1912 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 9 ᠦ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠦᠢᠪᠠᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ 《 ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ 》 ᠃ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 1 ᠦ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠥᠩ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 5 ᠦ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠄ 《 ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠪᠥᠬᠥᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ ᠁ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠨᠠ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠂ ᠵᠢᠪᠽᠤᠨᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠂ 《 ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ 》 ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠢ 《 ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ 》 ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ 1912 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠺᠤᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠢᠶᠧ ᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠮᠰᠦᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠦ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠫᠤᠤᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂《 ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ 》 ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ 《 ᠿᠸ ᠾᠸ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ 》 ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠿᠸ ᠾᠸ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠿᠸ ᠾᠸ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠰᠢ ᠯᠢᠩ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠺᠠᠶ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ ᠃ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠺᠠᠶ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ 10 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠪᠽᠤᠨᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠠᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ 11 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠥᠩ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ《 ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ 》 ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠂ ᠪᠥᠬᠥᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
ᠬᠦᠩᠰᠠᠩᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ᠋ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ( ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ） ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠳᠡ 16 ᠵᠢᠯ （1912 ︱1928 ) ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠺᠠᠶ ᠥᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨᠲᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠥᠩ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠬᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠲᠡᠶ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠶ ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠶ ᠃ ᠥᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠤ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠂ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ 1930 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ 59 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠶ ᠃